Amines In Food

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Amines in food. Therefore the total amount and variety of amines strongly depend on the nature of the food and on the microorganisms present. Fish cheese wine some meats some fruit such as bananas and avocados some vegetables such as mushrooms and fermented foods such as chocolate sauerkraut and soy sauce are just some of the foods that have been listed as containing varying levels of amines but basically any protein food can contain amines depending on the way it is handled. Intake of low amount of biogenic amines normally does not have harmful effect on human health. In food and beverages biogenic amines are formed by the enzymes of raw material and generated by microbial decarboxylation of amino acids.
However when their amount in food is too high and. Histamine is oxidised by a diamine oxidase while the catecholamines are oxidised by a different multiple enzyme system known as monoamine oxidase mao. They are related to the inorganic compound ammonia. Higher levels of amines are found in fermented charred grilled over ripe over cooked or decomposing foods.
Biogenic amines are produced by bacterial decarboxylation of corresponding amino acids in foods. Under normal circumstances in man exogenous amines absorbed from food are rapidly detoxified by amine oxidases or by conjugation. Their presence is related to spoilage and fermentation processes. Bacteria do not appear to produce noradrenaline and adrenaline.
The amine content of foods varies greatly due to differences in processing age ripeness handling storage variety of grapes or other produce. Adrenaline also known as epinephrine is formed only by animals but noradrenaline is formed by animals and plants. Amines in food are chemicals that occur naturally caused by bacteria that breaks down amino acids. Concentration of biogenic amines in fermented food products is affected by several factors in the manufacturing process including hygienic of raw materials microbial composition fermentation condition and the duration of fermentation.